Parker



June 10 1924.

H, PARKER? MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES FROM PULP Filed Dec. 5, 1915 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V //o ward Par/r07:

June 10 I924.

, H. PARKER MACHiNE FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES FROM PULP Filed Dec. 5, 1915 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 I N VENTOR. I /O ward Ear/r /M/ !i MATTQRNEY.

June 10 1924. L4734-4 H. PARKER MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES FROM PULP Filed Dec. 5, 1915 7 Sheets-Sheet L I N V EN TOR. Howard Parker:

m3 ATTORNEY.

Jim}! 10 1924.

H. PARKER MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES FROM PULP Filed Dec. 8, l9i5 '7 Sheets-Sheet N VEN TOR.

WA TTORNE Y.

June- 10 1924.

H. PARKER MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES FROM PULP 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Dec.

INVENTOR I /ovvam Par/kw:

31mm H), 1924.

H. PARKER MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES FROM PULP Filed Dec. 5, 1915 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR I /OWH rc/ Parkqr:

[kl ATTORNEY.

June 10 1924. 1,497,344

H. PARKER MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER HOLLOW BODIES FROM PUL Filed Dec. 5, 1915 ,7 Sheets-Sheet Patented June 10, 19124.

h thlit l HQWARD IUMBIKER, OI ldllil Application filed December To all 40720721 may concern.

Be it known that I, He mann PARKER) a citizen of the United titates, and a resident of Berlin, in the county of Coos, tdtate of New Hampsl'iire, have il'weiited certain new and use'tul lnnin'ovelnents in a Machine for lvlanliltacturin r Tubes and ()ther .llollow Bodies from Pulp.

This invention relates to improvements. in machines of the character described. The variou.--: nurtures of eoi'istruetion present in this machine will be tlBEKllbBd With rel? ercnee to their use in the particular machine now selected for the purpose of illustration, which is. a niacl'iii'ie For matting tubes or pipes by winding a web of pulp onto a mandrel. I here desire it to be clearly iuuierstood that the intentions are susceptible ot' other BUllJOClllllBlltS and adapted to the inainitacture of other articles than tubes or pipes, and. that the terms used are merely terms of description and not in any sense terms o't' limitation. it Will be obvious that many features oi? construction are inlsceptible ot modification to suit diil'erent requirenicnts without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The object of this invention has been to n-mince a. n'ineliine Whiel' is con'ipletely an. toitnatic in its operation; a macl'iine in which the articles may be eon'ipletely formed an toinntically; a .n'iaehine oil il'ltlXlnlllil'] etfi ciency and inpaeity The drawings repre-- sent the embodiment of the machine chosen For illustration in the tollowii'ig- Views:

in the d raw lugs l ig. 1 is a side View of the machine, showinn; the driven end.

Fig. 2?, is a sectional View of the complete machine looking towards the driving; end.

Fig. 2? is a trout View of the upper portion ot the nnui-hine above the base rolls, partly in section on sulrstan'tially line 3-3 of i l.

a is a side View of the upper part oi the driven end oi" the machine. on a large scale.

.llin'. 5 is a front View thereol. Fig 6 side view of the upper part of the driving end of the machine on a large scale.

3, 1915. Serial No. 64,831.

Fig. 7 is a front View thereof.

Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional View on the line 8-8 01: Fig. 1, looking in the direetion of the arrow.

Fig. 9 is a detail View otone oi? the end nien'ibers it, partly in section.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary View, partly in section, showing; the cam tor Withdrawing the chucks to release the inandrels.

Fig. 11 is a detail View ot the part 0:]? the base roll A.

Fig. 12 is a View diagranimaticall showing the general arrangen'lent and mode oi operation oi various meeluinisn'is of the ma chine.

The base ot this machine consists oi pedestals it, A, rigidly united together and firmly secured on a proper foundation.

The main frame consists of a pair of end members l t, B, rigidly united to maii'itain them in fixed relation with one another and mounted on a carriage C which slides on the pedestals, being adjustable by means of threaded bars I) mounted in the pedestals and running through nuts E connected with the carriage, provision being made for operating, the bars sin)nltaneously by a cross shaft l geared at its ends to the bars.

A base roll or rolls, a, a, are mounted in suitable bearings at the top of the pedestals. The cooperating press roll 6 (or rolls) carried by the main frame, and it is be tween these two rolls or sets of rolls that the formative operations oi the machine oc cur. I have referred to it as the manipulating point of the ITlilClllllG. it is in order that the machine may be aeeon'nnodated to a wide. range of Work. or adapted to the production. of a variety of sizes that the main trains with all of the mechanism, in-- eluding press rolls, is made adjustable on the pedestal relative to the base rolls mounted thereon.

Preferably, and in order to accommodate parts of the n'laehine mounted thereon, the end members B, B, are skeleton, consisting of similar loop-shaped tracks in the inner 'taees of which there are double endless grooves or channels 2, 20. In one of these channels, as 2, in each track is an endless Attached to the chains at even intervals are straps 5, at one end directly, and at the other end through a link 6. Bars 7 extending across the machine connect the link ends of corresponding straps, and on these bars, just inside the tracks, are pivoted arms 8, which at their ends support alined chuck housings 9 equipped with inwardly springpressed chucks 10, the stems of which are headed as at 11 and travel in the other groove or channel 20 in thetracks.

At the discharge point of the machine the chuck grooves 20 are cammed as indicated at 21, to retract the chucks into their hous ings and so release a mandrel M, with the ends of which they had been engaged. At the supply point of the machine the cams are shaped to release the chucks just as an empty mandrel is brought into place in order that they may be projected by the springs to engage the mandrel. By preference the chucks do not fit closely in the apertures in the ends of the mandrels, but sufficient clearance is left to permit the mandrels to move without occasioning the movement of. the chucks or the arms by which they are supported. The chuck housings, on the other hand, are larger than the apertures in the ends of the mandrels in order to prevent endwise movement of the mandrels. At. the discharge point of the machine, a suitable tray or table G is provided upon which the mandrels may drop, to be later removed by the machine attendant.

At the supply point of'the machine, mechanism is provided as follows:

The empty mandrels are stacked on an inclined rack H- down which they roll against the face of the feeder wheels 30. There is a feeder wheel at each end of a shaft 31, having peripheral notches in alinement, and of a size to receive a mandrel. The wheels have an intermittent mo tion timed with the feeding' mechanism of the conveyor chains, and carry an empty mandrel up into position between a pair of alined. chucks while the chucks are retracted.

In the machine here illustrated both the conveyor chains with the chucks, and the feeder wheels with the empty mandrels, are moving, and just as their paths of travel coincide, the cams in the. chuck grooves release the chucks so that they may be projected into engagen'ient with the mandrel. In other words, both parts are moving when the chucks engage the mandrel. In order to insure that the mandrel shall be properly retained in the notches in the feeder wheels. and so properly positioned with respect to the chucks at the time of engagement, I provide pivoted and overbalanced arms 33 which are cammed down out of the way by theinclined surfaces 34 as the notches come into register with the inclined tracks, and are then immediately released so that the overbalancing weight will throw the arms up against the mandrels, holding them in the notches. The conveyor chains carry the mandrels up to the manipulating point of the machine and are stopped while the ma nipulation takes place. When the windin of the pulp onto the mandrel is completed: and the upper press roll is raised, the conveyor chains take out the tinished mandrel and bring in an empty one. 111 the machine shown there is one mandrel at the manipu lating point, ten full mandrels with tubes wound thereon ahead of it, one full mandrel being discharged, one set of empty mandrelchucks, one set of chucks just receiving a mandrel, and five empty mandrels being moved towards the manipulating point.

'1 he manipu/ajing point.

The upper and lower press rolls or sets of 'rolls have been hereinbefore referred to. and

description of this portion of the machine will now be taken up, without at this point considering the mechanism for raising the upper press roll to permit of taking out the full mandrel and bringing in an empty one.

As shown, there are two base rolls a, a, and a single upper press roll I). The two base rolls may well be solid, but one of them, a, and which I term the lead roll for the reason that it is about this roll that the web-carrying felt is wrapped, is preferably provided with a series of shallow circumferential grooves 0. An endless wire apron (Z runs over suitable guide and tensioning rolls and around the cylinder mold 0, and it is on this apron that the pulp is formed into a sheet or web and carried oil from the mold, the pulp being on the upper side of the wire apron. An endless felt f. suitably guided, is laid on top of the web of pulp, so that the pulp web or sheet is between the wire apron and the endless felt. Thus positioned, the web passes over a suction box g for the extraction of moisture: then under a second suction box g which extracts additional moisture and also draws the pulp web onto the felt. Then. behvecn press rolls h, 71, which extract more mois 'ture, and also insure that the pulp will stick to the felt; thence, up to a point underneath the base rolls where the wire apron leaves the felt with the sheet of pulp held on its underside, and passes. around a roll (I and thence back around the cylinder mold. A suction box 35 has its end fitted against the, lead roll a, and its bottom against the felt f, and the suction acts through these two sides of the box, with the result that further moisture is withdrawn from the web, and its continued travel with the felt instead of with the wire apron is assured. The felt wraps around the lead roll and over the other base roll. The mandrel tits down between these two rolls, having a bearing point Utl lll-l igiaaeaa on each, and as the web reaches the mandrel it proceeds to wind up on it, parting with the felt whose direction of travel is deflected away from the manipulating point.

tilujngn'irted, oguided, and driven by rolls mounted on the main f'iinno is an endless absorbent felt 4:0 which passes between the upper press roll I) and the mandrel, and thence through :siqueerie rolls ll, ell, by which the water absorbed by the belt is extracted and carried away in a trough "i2 provided for the purpose. As the web winds up on. the mandrel under the pressure which .is provided to cause the fibres of one layer to be pre 'sed into and united with the fibres of the adjacent layers, considerable water is pressed out of the pulp. Some of this water collects at the point where the lead roll and the mandrel contact, and would tend to soften the pulp and break the web were it not for the fact that the suction box it) draws it away through the groiiives c in the load roll. More moisture is extracted be tween the upper press roll and the mandrel, and would have a tendency to soften the pulp winding onto the mandrel so as to distort it and produce a seamed and wrinkled wall, were it not that this moisture is talzen up by the absorbent felt 4-0 and carried away, and later extracted liroin the felt. he best tube wall is produced by winding; the pulp when it carries a inaniuuun anu'iunt of water, since this facilitates the felting of the fibres :in adjacent convolutions, Qvingg; to the wall a dense homogeneous character, free from liability to split or show .laminations. these or The provision of equivalent means for taking; away surplus water at the winding point has these a dvautages: The Web as presently used can be pressed harder and more water mitt-acted; or webs carrying a greater nerceutane of water than is now practicable. can be wound and pressed as hard as. or harder than at n'eseut without danger of the surplus water running: baclr onto the web to soften it so that it will crush; the liltingproduct is of a rcrfv uniform character with a perfec 3 outer wall. and best ada iited for the li'urthcr trcatnuuit to which it is subjectiwl.

The upper portion of each tracli'; mcmher is of parti-circillar forn'i, and each is provided with a T-shaped end fran'ie. 'llhe base of the stem of this frame is semned to the lower run of the track, and the ends of the lateral members an to the. side runs of the track, these members acting both as stiffcui'up; devices for the track and also as a support for the movii'ip; parts of some of the mechanism of the machine.

S'iipported in hearings on the. transverse parts 4-6 of this sub-frame is a shaft to which extends entirely acri'ists the machine. This is the main eliaft of the machine. to one end of which the 'nnrcr is appliial. as by the chain .r and the sprocket and from which power is transmitted to the other tnoving parts of the machine. ln order to distinguish one side of the machine from the other, the left-hand side, at which power is applied to the main drive shaft, will be called the dii'vinacud, and the opposite side will be called the driven end.

The stems d5 form ways upon which car riages may slide up and down. '.l.he.-'-:c carriages carry stub sl'iafts 51, on which are mounted pinions 52, and cylinders 53 whose plunger rods 54: are in the form o f racks meshing with the pinions. The. cylinders are filled with a liquid, such as oil, which is free to flow from one side of the plungers 55 to the other. Racks at the opposite side of the carriages mesh with pinions (3]. .011 a shaft 62 which extends between and is mounted in the stems 4:5 of the sub-trame members. This shaft pro Ms from the driven end of the machine, and has mounted on it, side by side, a pair of plates (l3, ill, one of which, 63, is fast on the shaft (32., and to which the other, (ht, is connected by adjusting devices iii? in order that the angular relation of these two plates with rcspect to one another may be varied. The plate 63, which will be termed the tllichness adjuster, shorter than the other plate (r-l, which will be called the tripping plate; the function of the thiclifness inljusler is to sup port the end of the lever 66 against the action of a spring 67 while the wall of the tube is being built up to proper thickness; and the function of the trippiin plate is to engage this end of the lever when the wall of the tube has reached the pro per thiclmess, in order to actuate other niecininism of the machine.

l'l co {n ce hin in. order that each tube may be coaiipletely wound and finished in this machine without rctpiiringr additional worlr or any finishing ttniches, the web broken iltf'lli'fllltftllly by dropping a roll ltlti onto the wire apron soon after it leaves the (lyilltltltd' mold and while the web is yet in a soft comlilion, so that the tail end of the web may be wound onto the mandrel. and finished oil. The roll is dropped by antoniaticall v-actuated mechanism which will be later described, and is allowed to remain for a short time in itslow position so that immediately after the web is broken that part which coming from the cylinder mold winds up on the breaking roll and is scraped oil by the doctor ii-l7 into a tank or trough i558, from which it is cou- 'veycd in some satisfactory manner, as by the screw conveyor 189 shown. to a tank from which it may be pumped back into the stu'lf chest. As soon as the breaking roll is raised. the web travels along; on the wire apron, and before the new end of the web reaches the mani mlating point the press roll is raised, the full mandrel has been removed from the manipulating point, an empty mandrel brought into position, and the press roll dropped. The precise timing of the machine in the particulars just mentioned may be adapted to suit the requirements of any particular case.

For actuating this mechanism the 'l'ollowing instrumentalities are provided:

Secured to the end of the main shaft at the driven end 01'' the machine a ratchet 71 having as shown tour teeth 72, though the number is not material.

At the driven end of the machine and upstanding from the transverse member 46 ot' the sub-frame are ways upon which moves a slide 101 on which is mounted a dog 102 to be swung into the path of movement of the ratchet 71 on the main drive shaft T0. A spring 103 normally holds this dog out of the path of the ratchet. The lever 66 pivoted on the sub-traine has its upperend in position to engage the dog to-move it into the path of movement ot the ratchet, the lever being moved through the agency of the tripping plate 6-1 which acts upon its lower end. The slide carries an upstanding arm 10 1- which operates, when the slide is moved upwardly through the engagement of the ratchet 71 on the main drive shaft with the dog 102 on the slide, to engage one end 105 of a bell crank lever pivoted on a support 106 which is attached to the upper part of the track. (ll hen the ratchet on the main shaft disengages from the dog on the slide, the slide drops back into its low'position.) In this support 106 there is mounted a shaft 10? carrying a gear 108 driven from the main shaft through the pinion 10S) and beside the gear is a cam 110 loose on the shaft. On the back 01? this cam is a stud 111 supporting a dog 112 engaged by a pivoted rocker 113 which is spring-pressed to throw the dog into engagement with'the teeth 01: the gear. and this rocker has a shoulder 11-1 which engaged by the depending end 11.5 of the bell crank lever, whose other end 105 is actuated by the upward movement of the slide 101 and the arm 101 just above re- "tel-red to. It will thus be seen that the upward movement of the slide 101 causes the arm 104.- to engage with the end 105 o'l' the bell crank lever, rocking the lever to disengage its depending end 115 from the shoulder 114: 01' the rocker 113, permitting the spring to move the rocker to throw the dog 112 carried by the cam 110 into engagement with the teeth of the gear 108, and so rotate the cam. In the l aceot this cam isa cam groove having an abrupt rise 121 from a low neutral or inactive portion 122 of rather small extent to a high inactive Orneutral portion 123, which extends for about halt the circumference of the cam. then gradually dropping into the low neutral portion 122. The low point of the cam at the bottom of the abrupt rise is about diametrically opposite the point of engagement of the depending end 115 of the bell crank lever with lhe shoulder 111 of the rocker 113, so that at the time the low point of the cam comes to the position shown in Fig. 1, the rocker disengages the dog from the gear and stops the further rotation of the cam. ()n the periphery Ofli the cam just in advance ol" the shoulder of the rocker is a projection 121; which acts on the end of a bell crank tripping lever as will be later described. 111 the cam groove there is a roller 12:) mounted in the neck of a fork 126 which slides across the shaft, the fork having a rear extension 127 in the end of which there is a curved slot to take a pin 129 secured near the end of a rearwardly extending connecting rod 130. the other end of which is fastened to a lever 131 fast on the shaft 132 running across the machine and from which through depending links 133 is supported a carriage 13-1 pivoted at one end as at 135 and su )porting in suitable bearings the breaker roll 1316, with which associated the doctor 713T, trough 138, and conveyor 130. A boll 110, sccurcd at one end to a support 141 mounted on the shal t 107, extends rcarwardly alongside of the connecting rod 130 and through a hole in the lug 112 Fast thereon. Beyond this lug there is a spring 1-13 encircling the bolt. wit h a nut 11.1 at the end of the bolt to vary the initial compression of the spring. The rotation of the cam, caused by the engagement ol? the dog with the gear causes the roller in the cam groove to travel up the abrupt risc 121 onto the high point 123 of the cam. This shifts the fork longitiulinally, and through the pin in the slot moves the connecting rod to the rear. at the same time compressing the spring. The rearward movement of the connecting rod through the lever 131 rocks the shaft 132 which lowers the carriage and drops the breaker roll onto the web of pulp on the wire apron, breaking the web. The curved slot 128 pmmits the connecting rod to rock downwardly. its lorward end being connected with the rear extension ol' the York as at 145 to provide a point about which it can turn. The spring being coniprcsscd. assists in supi'niu'ting the breaker roll. rclieving the pin and the curved slot from a considerable part of the loud. Thc breaker roll remains down while the high neutral portion 01? the cam groove passes the roller which is for about half the cireulnlcrencc of the cam. All this time the wire apron is moving. and the pulp is being taken off the apron by the breaker roll and from it doctored 011' into the trough 136 or other receptacle from which it is conveyed away.

The gradual drop of the cam groove now draws the fork forward. and with it the (ill liters-is rearwardl r extending bar, raising the roll up oil the apron. The new end of the web now proceeds to follow the apron up towz-rrds the manipulating point, being in the meantime overlaid by the endless felt f and subjected. to the action of the suction boxes.

from roll) tiff/t ng conxveyor (ll rioting.

On the main shaft is a sleeve with its ends secured to quills 76, 77, on which are mounted lifting earns 78, 78, which are of sector shape and act upon rollers 75) carried by the cain lifters from which depend racks 5-51., which mesh with the pinions 52 on the carriages 50 opposite to the meshing points of the plunger rods 54.

The quill. 76 extends through to the drivin g end of the machine and has attached to it a crank upon. which is mounted a dog 86 adapted to engage with a. ratchet 87 fast on the driving shaft 70 but controlled. in its engagement With and. disengagement from said ratchet by a. guard 88 movable longitudinally of the driving shaft. The crank 85 is connected through a sliding block 89 with a cross head 90 which reciprocates from front to rear of the machine, sliding on the transverse member 46 of the subframe; the cross head carries a reel; 91 which meshes With a gear 92 loose on a shaft 93 supported in bearings on the transverse uienibers d6 of the sub-frame and extending across the machine, to which shaft at each side of the machine the sprockets t, a, are secured, inesl'iii'ig With the conveyor chains 3. The gea r is loose on this shaft and has notches 9 1-. l aicated beside this gear and heyed. to the shaft is a chuck 95having dogs 96 adapted to ei'igage With the notches in the gea r in one direction of rotation of the gear.

Just before the shoulder 11d: of the rocker 1113 comes into engagement with the depending end 115 of the bell crank lever, the projection 124: strikes the end 150 of the tripping lever (see Fig. 4), the lateral arin 151 of which is connected with a depending trip The lifting of this trip raises the end of a bar 1.53 extending across the machine iflfOil'l the driven to the driving end to disengage a notch 15ft therein tron. a catch 155 on the frame.

'lhe bar 1553 when released is moved endu use towards the driving end of the unicl'iine by a spring 1516 and is connected with the guard 88 which controls the engagement a nd disengagcnient of the ratchet dog SC on the crank with the ratchet 87 on the main driving shaft. The movement of the bar to the left takes the guard out from under the ratchet dog. allowing the latter to drop into engagement with the ratchet 87 on the main shaft 70, with the result that the crank is rotated.v and with it the quills 76, 77, on which the lifting canes 78, 78, are mounted. The lifting cains acting on the lifters 80, 8@, and

ill.

through the depending iaclrs 31., pinions 52, and the plunger rod racks 5 1-, whose plungers are in the oil-filled cylinders 53, raise the carriages 50, 50, in Which the upper press roll I) is mounted. These lifters act so quickly that the fluid has not time to escape by the pistons.

The crank h meanwhile moved thecross head to the rear, the. rack rotating the gear but Without engaging the dogs of the chuck with the notches in the gear. Continued rotation of the crank, moving the cross head in the opposite direction, reverses the rotation. of the gear 92, and causes the notches in the gear to engage with the dogs of the chuck, rotating the shaft 93, and thus the sprockets 1:, 1, and so moving the conveyor chains 3, carrying the niandrels M ahead, taking a full mandrel from the inanipir lating point and bringing in an empty mandrel, as has been heretofore described.

After an empty mandrel has been brought to the manipulating point, the cams 78, 78, drop the press roll 6 onto the mandrel.

As the crank completes its rotation, it e11 gages a stopping lever 160, which normally stands in the path of the crank, and raises it. Depending from this stopping lever is a stirrup 161 having an inclined Wall 162 which engages a pin 163 on the bar 158, and shifts the bar longitudinally toward the driven end of the machine, engaging the notch 15-1. with the stop 155 on the frame. This loi'igitudinal movement of the bar carries the guard 88 under the dog 86, dis "1g it from the ratchet 5.37. thus discomiecting the crank froin the main shaft 70 and bringing to rest all the mechanism having to do With the niandrelc0nveying devices. [is the crank. passes by the stopping lever, the latter drops by gravity to its normal position.

The new end of the Web of pulp co1nmences to Wind up on the empty mandrel which has been brought to the niianipulating point, and continues until the proper thickness of the tube Wall is reached, when the various mechanisms are tripped and set in motion in proper order.

Au in'iportant feature of the machine, to which it is desired to call attention, is the provision which has been made to permit the carriages 50. fit), and the press roll i) lo.rise during the Winding of the well on the man drel and before the quills are released, to cause the cams to raise the cam lifters 80, 80. lhisis made possible by the compensating mechanism, which includes the cylinders 53 with their plungers 55, plunger rod raclrs meshing With the pinions mounted on the carriages, and with which the rack 81 on the cam lifter 8O meshes.

It will be seen that as the press roll. and carriages move up during the winding of the tube, the pinion 52 Will roll. up the rack 81,

thus drawing the plunger up in the cylinder and allowing the liquid to pass down underneath it. The action of the cams 78 on the cam lifters 80 is so quick that more liquid cannot run down underneath the plungers in the cylinders, with the result that the earriages are raised bodily with the cam lifters. It is preferable to have the amount of this raising motion of the carriages al- Ways uniform, and in the machine shown the amount that the carriages, and consequently the upper press roll, are lifted, is two inches. If the thickness of the wall of the finished tube is a quarter of an inch, the press roll is moved up one half inch before the cam lifter moves, so that when the carriages have been raised by the cam lifters, the bottom of the press roll is two and one half inches above the top of an empty mandrel.

While the carriages and press roll are held up by the cams, the weight of the carriages and roll tends to cause them to drop relative to the cam lifters, which means that the pi-nions 52 must roll down the cam lifter racks 81, with the result that the plunger racks and plungers are forced down into the cylinders, causing the liquid to flew up above the plungers.

The cams 78 release the cam lifters 80, lowering the carriages 50, 50, and the press roll I), so that the latter rests on the empty mandrel just before the plungers 55 bottom in the cylinders 53, thus insuring pressure on the mandrel from the commencement of the winding operation.

Operation.

The complete chain of operations will no w be described as nearly as possible in the order in which they occur.

It is to be remembered that the driving shaft 70 and all parts directly connected with or driven from it, are continuously rotating. All other parts of the machine have periodic or intermittent motion.

Starting with the assumption that a tube is just completed at the manipulating point, so that the tripping plate 64 is just. engaging the lowerend of the lever 66: The tripping plate 64 rocks the lever 66, throwing the dog 102 on the slide 101 into engagement with the ratchet 71 at the driven end of the main shaft. This raises the slide and its upstanding arm 104, releasing therocker 113, which throws the dog 112 carried by the cam 110 into engagement with the adjacent gear 108 loose onthe shaft 107. The rotation of the cam immediately drops the breaker roll 136 and severs the sheet, and the balance of the mechanism of the machine continues to operate to finish Winding up the tail end of the web so as to complete the tube. The continued rotation of the cam now raises the breaker roll, and just before it comes to a stop by reason of the engagement of the shoulder 114 on the rocker with the depern'ling arm 115 of the bell crank lever, thc projection 12 on the periphery of the cam engages the depending arm 150 of the tripping lever. The tripping lever, actuated by the projection 12 1-, releases the cross bar 15 which is shifted by the spring 156 towards the driving end of the machine, withdrawing the guard 88 from under the ratchet dog 86.

The ratchet 87 on the main shaft at the driving end of the machine now engages the dog 86, rotates the crank 85, the quill 70, sleeve 75, and quill 77 connected therewith, and the lifting cams 78, 78, secured to the quills 76, 77. The lifting cams acting on the rolls on the cam lifters 80 raise the cam lifters and the carriages 50 in which the upper press roll is mounted, and during this time the cross head is moved to the rear. As the crank starts its up ard travel toward its normal position of rest, and while the upper press roll is held up by the lifting cams, the cross head moves forward, the gear 02 engaging with the chuck on the shaft 93, rotating that shaft and the sprocket wheels 4, l, which mesh with the conveyor chains 3, 3, moving the conveyor chains ahead to take out from the manipulating point the full mandrel and carry in to the manipulating point an empty mandrel. The lifting cams lower the carriages and drop the press roll onto the empty mandrel. The crank 85 then engages and raises the stopping lcvcr 160, which, through the stirrup 161, shifts the cross bar 153 laterally toward the driven end of the machine, engaging its notch 151 with the *atch 155 on the frame and drawing the guard 88 under the ratchet dog 86 of the crank 85, disengaging the dog from the ratchet 87 and stopping the machine. The new end of the pulp web is just coming up to the manipulating point, and starts to wind up on the mandrel, and continues to wind until the wall of the pipe has reached a proper thickne when the automatic operations just described are repeated.

Tn. addition to the main drive shaft which titontiuuously rotating, the wire apron. the endless felt, the base rolls and the absorbent felt are coi'itinuously moving. \Vhcn the stopping of the machine is mentioned, the stopping of the intermittentl v-nioving parts is referred to.

In order to simplify the description oi the machine, its design and equipment for the manufacture of pipes or tubes by winding the web of pulp onto a mandrel have been described in more or less specific terms. 1 now desire it to be c early understood that these terms which have been used are mcrc ly descriptive, and in no scn:-e are they to be considered as having a limiting effect. it will be readily apparent that the features of invention present in this machine are scribed, a conveyor member at e:

adapted for the production of large va riety of shapes or forms, and that many of the features of construction described are susceptible of flltGl.li1l.(,)i1 and modification in various particulars Without departing from the spirit oi. the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1.. In a machine of the character doscribed, a supply point for empty mandre a manipulating point, and. a discharge point, and a mandrel conveyor provided with antomatically actuated mandrel-engaging means traversing; said points.

2.11.] a machine of the character described, a supply point, a liltfil.17illilil11, point, and a discharge point, a conveyor traversing said points, mandrel-holding means carried by said conveyor, inandrels rotatably mounted thereon, means at the supply point for automatically aetuetiini; said holding means to engage them with the mandrels, and means at the discharge point for automatically actinitingr said holding," means to disengage them from the mandrels.

3. In a machine of the character do scribed, a flexible conveyor member at each end of the machine, means For causing said. members to move together, alined mandrel holders carried by said conveying members, and mandrels positioned between said con- \eyor members and supported at their ends by said holders.

4:. In a machine of character dcicli end of the machine, means for causing said. memhere to move together, pairs of coopemting alined mandrel holders carried by said mourbers, and auton'iatically operated means actuaiting, said holders to engage them with and disengage them from the .maiidrcls.

In a inachi no oil the character described, a base roll, press roll, lifting mechanism for said. press roll, a conveyor, means For drivingit, n'iaiidrels supported and carried by said conveyor, a rotatable minnber, means for stopping and starting; it periodically, connections between said member and said lifting mechanism to raisa said press roll and hold it in raised position, conneclions between said member and the. driving means For the conveyor to more said convi-iyor while said press roll raised, and means aclua ted by said rotatable member to stop its rotation.

(5. in a ii'iachii'ic of the character scribed, an endless ii-onreyor, supply, inai'iipulating and discharge points spaced positions in the path of travel of said conveyor, rotatably mounted nn-uuirels carried by the conveyor' to said points, means at the manipulating pointior rotating; said. inair drels and means for stopping said conveyor with a mandrel at the manipulating poirt.

7. In a machine of the characer de the scribed, an endless conveyor member at each end of the machine, inandrels supported at one end by one member, and at the opposite end by the other ineiinber, connections between said members, and means for driving them together.

8. in a machine of the character de scribed, inanijlrels, mandrel. holding means. a. conveyor for said holding means, and means :tor automatically operating said holding means for engaging" them with and diseng trying them from said mandrcls.

9. in a machine of the character described, a track men'ibcr at each end, an endless groove in each track, a conveyor member in each groove, nianilrebholdying means carried by the conveyors, and man drels positioned between and engaged at their ends by said holding means.

10. in. a machine of the character described, a track member at each end of the machine, an endless groove in each track, endless conveyor members in said grooves, inandrebholding means carried tl'un'cby, a second endless groove in each track, said iirandrel-holding devices projecting into and riding in the last mentioned grooves.

11. In a machine of the character described, a track member at each. end oil the machine, an endless groove in each track, endless conveyor men'ibers in said grooves, mandrel-lullding means carried thereby, a second endless groove in each track, said mandrel-holding devices projecting into and rlding, in the last n'ien'tioned grooves.

and cams in said grooves to retract said inandrebholding means and disengage the. l'i'idllfll'QiS therefrom.

12. In a. machine of the character do scribed, a track member at each end of the machine, an endless groove in each track, endless conveyor members in said grooves, Jflfll'idlQlrllOldlliQ means carried thereby, a second endless groove in each track, said mandrelholding devices projecting; into and riding in the last inentionec grooves, and. cams in said grooves to release said holding means to engage them with n'iandrels.

1.3. In a machine of the character dc scribed, a track member at each end oi the machine, an endless groove in each traclv, endless conveyor members in said grooves, mandrebholdian means carried thereby. a second endless groove in each track, said inandreldiolding devices projectin into and riding in the last mentioned grooves, means in said cores for retrai'sting said inandrel-eng no; n'ieans, means insaid grooves for subsequently releasing said mandrel-- engagins nieai'is, and means For delivering; an empty mandrel in position to be engaged by said holding means when they are released.

El i. In a machine of the character de scribed, a track at each end of the machine,

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double grooves in each track, a conveyor member in one groove of each track, alined mandrel holding means carried by said conveyor members, said mandrel-holding means comprising a chuck housing, and a chuck having a headed stem riding in the other groove of each track member.

15. In a machine of the character described, a track at each end of the machine, double grooves in each track, a conveyor member in one groove of each track, alined mandrel holding means carried by said conveyor, said mai'idrel-holding means comprising a chuck housing, and a chuck having a headed stem riding in the other groove in each trackmember, and mandrels apertured to receive said chucks, said apertures in the mandrels being larger than said chucks.

16. In a machine of the character described, a track at each end of the machine, double grooves in each track, a conveyor member in one groove of each track, alined mandrel-holding means carried by said conveyor members, said mandrel-holding means comprising a chuck housing, and a chuck having a headed stem riding in the other groove of each track member, and mandrels apertured to receive said chucks, the apertures in the mandrels being smaller than the chuck housings and larger than the chucks.

17. In a machine of the character de scribed, conveyor mechanism, mandrel holders carried thereby, automatically operated means to supply empty mandrels to said holders, automatically operated means of actuating said holders to engage them with said mandrels, and automatically operated means actuating said holders to disengage full mandrels therefrom.

18. In a machine of the character des scribed, spaced conveyor members, removable mandrels rotatably supported therebetween, driving means for the conveyor members, and means for intermittently operating said driving means.

19. In a machine of the character described, mandrel-conveying means, driving means therefor, a shaft on which said driving means is mounted, a reciprocating'device movable transversely of said shaft, and connections between said shaft and said reciprocating device effective during the movement of the latter in one direction to move said shaft.

20. In a machine of the character described, mandrel-conveying means, driving devices therefor, a shaft upon which said devices are mounted, a continuously rotating driving shaft, a crank, means for periodically connecting said crank for rotation With said driving shaft, and driving connections between said crank and said first mentioned shaft.

21. In a machine of the character described, mandrel-conveying means. driving devices therefor. a shaft upon which said devices are mounted, a continuously rotating main driving shaft, a crank, means for pr riodically connecting said crank with said main driving shaft for rotation therewith, a reciprocating member operated by said crank, and driving connections between said reciprocating member and said first mentioned shaft.

22. In a machine of the character de scribed, mandrel-conveying means, driving devices therefor and a shaft upon which said devices are n'iounted, a member fast to said shaft, a driver loose on said shaft ad jacent to said member, means operable from said main driving shaft to move said drive rotarily in opposite directions, and driving connections between said member and said driver effective during the movement of said driver in one direction.

23. In a machine of the character described, .tnandrclconvcying means, driving devices therefor, a shaft on which said driv-- ing devices are mounted, av chuck keyed to said shaft, a gear loose on said shaft adjacent to said chuck, driving devices between said chuck and gear effective during the ro-- tation of the latter in one direction, a reciprocatting cross-head, a rack carried there-- by and meshing with said gear. a main driving shaft, a crank. means for periodically engaging said crank for rotation with said shaft, and operative connections between said crank and said cross-head.

24. In a machine of the character dc scribed, mandrel'conveying means. driving devices therefor, and a. shafton which said devices are mounted, a continuously rotating main driving shaft, a member adapted for periodic engagement with said main driving shaft, automatically operated means for engaging said member with said shaft. means actuated by said member for disen gaging it from said shaft and opciat ive con nections betwvcen said members and the driving devices for said mandrel conveying means.

25. In a machine of the character described, a main driving shaft, a member adapted for periodic engagement therewith, automatically operated means for establishing said engagement, lifting rams connected with and operated by said member. mandrei conveying means, driving devices therefor. a shaft on which said driving devices are mounted, and connections between the last mentioned shaft and said member effective during a portion of the rotation of the latter to cause the moven'ient of said shaft.

26.111 a macl'iine of the character described, a continuously rotating driving shaft, a periodically rotating shaft, a member ada'pted for periodic engagement with said driving shaft to cause its movement Stl neeaeaa therewith, and connections between said. member and said iiieriodicallv rotating; sha t to rotate the latter periodically in. a direction opposite to the direction ot' rotation oi the drivi op,- sh aft.

27.111 a machine of the character ale-- scribed, a press roll, meant-1 tor raising); said press roll and holding it in a raised pose tion, mandrel-conveying n'ieans and driving devices therefor, a, driving shatt and a mom-- her adapted toil periodic engagement therewith, connections between said member and said press roll raising means, and connec tions between said member and said driving); devices.

28. lo a machine of the character described, a Web-conveyor, a litlkl'lltlfll 1(l'-2I I')(l controllii'io; mechai'iism theretor, and antolnatic means for periodically actuating); said Web-ln;eal er; 1nandretoonvevino means and driving devices therefor, a press roll and means for raising and holding it in raised position, a rnen'iber connected with said raising means and said driving; devices, a driver for said member, and means actuated by said controlling mechanism tor periodically connecting said driver With said member.

29, In a machine of the character described. a Web-conveyor, a Web-breaker and controlling, mechanism therefor, and auto-- inatic means for periodicallv actuating said Web-breaker, 1nandrel-conveying means and driving devices therefor, a press roll and means for raising and holding}: it in raised position, a member connected with said raising means and said driving devices, a driver for said member, means actuated by; said controlling mechanism for periodically connecting said driver With said member, and means actuated by said member tor disconnectinn it from said driver.

30. In a machine of the character described, tracks at opposite ends ot the machine, grooves in their opposing]: faces, a chain conveyor member mounter in each groove, a series of pairs ct o 'ipositel arranged and alined .inandrel holders carried by said chains, and mandrels each o-t which is supported at its ends by a pair ol said holders.

3].. In a machine of the character de" scribed, tracks at each end thereot, 'i-ooves in opposing faces ot said tracks, a chain conveyor mei'nber mounted to travel in each groove, mandrels rotatablv supported by and between] said conveyor members, and means for moving said conveyor members intermittently.

32. In a machine of the character dc scribed, oppositely arranged grooved trac (s, chain conveyor members mounted in the grooves in said tracks, alined mandrel snpporting-devices carried by said members. and a mandrel supported by and between a pair of said devices.

ll'n a machine of the character de-- scribed, cooperating alincd inanrlirel---eingag ing; chnclsts, conveyors upon Which said chnclrs are mounted, means For periodically moving; said convevois, and antonmticallv operating means :tor actuating said ch'liclrs to disengage their] troin mandrels.

34;. in a machine ot the character do scril'ied, crmperatin alined mandrel-engape inn chnelas, cnnvevors upon Which said (.rhnclrs are mounted, means 'li'or periodimilly moving said conveyors, and antoi'naticall v operating means tor actuating said chuclis to engage them. With inandrels.

3S. ltn a machine ot the character described, alined niandrelengaging cluiclrs, con veyoirs upon ivl'iich said chucks are mounted, means for periodically inovin said conveyors, antoinatiraill v operated int-inns lor retracting said chucks, and means for projecting said chnclrs When released.

36. lo a machine of the character de scribed, a, pair ct opiiositelv arrangiged track members each ot which is provided with a plurality ol ,o roovcs or channels, a conveyor member in one channel ol' each track l11QlH-- her, alined mandrel holding devices carricd by said conveyor members, tlanged members coiniectcd with movable parts oli said devices and riding; in the other channel ot each track member, and means in the last mentioned channels cngagreable with said llttl'lglltl members to control the movable parts of said devices.

37. in a machine oi the cl'iaracter dc scribed, mandreh-i provided with apertured ends, Inandrel-conrevor nlen'ibers, alined mandrel moaning! mears mounted on said members, and a housing for said engaging; means larger than the apertures in the ends ot said uunnlrels.

Pitt. to a machine n the rhararter dcscrihed. inandrcln with apertured ends, llltll'l drel-ronveror inenil'irrs. alined mandrel-en ngij means mornited on said members, a, bonsinir l'or said re racing lllfi'llif' larger than the a 'iertures in the ends of said n1andrels, and said cnn arrinn means being; smaller than the apertures in the ends ot said mandrels.

3.). in a machine ol' the character described, Flexible conveyor members spaced apart. alined mandrel engaging; devices carried by said conveyor members and comprising: housings connected with said con vevor 'l'l'ltlllllQl'S, chuclrs longitudinally HIUV- able in said housii'irni, springs to norniall v project said chnclcs to enr 'ane the ends of a mandrel, and automatic means tor, re lractimr said chucl s to disengage them from a mandrel.

40. lln a machine oil the character described. spaced inandrel-conveyor members, straps secured at one. end directly to said niii'ijmbors, links cortictin r the opposite ends Elli ill)

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of said straps to said members, rods ex tending between said members and connected at their ends with the link ends ot said straps, arms pivoted on said rods at each end, and mandrel engaging means in the ends of said arms.

41.111 a machine of the character de scribed, spaced and similarlyarranged track members, each of which is provided with a plurality of channels or grooves. a conveyor member in one channel of each member, straps secured at one end directly to said members and links connecting their opposite ends to said members, arms pivotally supported at the link ends of said straps, alined mandrel. engaging means mounted in the ends 01. said arms, and flanged members forming a part of said engaging means located and moving in the second channel of each track member.

42. In a machine of the character described, traveling mandrel-conveying means and alined n'iandrel-engaging devices carried thereby, and mandrel-carrying means whose path of movement is in part coincident with and in the same direction as the path of movement of said mandrel-engaglng means.

43. In a machine of the character described, traveling mandrel-conveying means and alined mandrel-engaging devices carried thereby, mandrel-carrying means whose path of movement is in part coincident with and in the samedirection as the path of movement of said mandrel-engaging means. and means for driving said carrying means at the same speed of said conveying means.

44. In a machine of the character described, traveling mandrehconveying means and alined mandrel-engaging devices carried thereby, mandrel-carrying wheels hav ing spaced notches in their peripheries, a downwardly inclind mandrel support termi nating at the peripheries of said wheels. means on said wheels adjacent to the notches for transferring a mandrel from said support to said wheels and holding it in the notches, said wheels carrying said mandrel in a path of movement which in part coincides with the path of movement of said mandrel-engaging devices, and controlling means for said mandrel-engaging devices operable at the point where their path of movement coincides with the path of movemest of the mandrel carried by said wheels to engage a mandrel.

45. In a machine of the character described, traveling mandrel-conveying means, mandrel-engaging devices carried thereby. a stationary mandrel support. and means for moving a mandrel from said support to a position between a pair of alined mandrel engaging devices.

46. In a machine of the character described, a press roll, lifting means therefor,

and a compensating connection between said roll and lifting means.

47.111 a machine of the character de scribed, a press roll, lifting means therefor. and means to permit downward movement of said roll to a limited extent relative to said lifting means after the latter has operated.

48. In a machine of the character described, a base roll, a press roll, mandrel located therebctween and upon which the winding takes place, means for lifting said press roll to permit the removal of the mandrel after the winding operation is finished, said press roll being movable in dependently of said li'lting means during the winding operation.

49. In a machine of the character dc scribed, a base roll and press roll between which winding operations take place. carriages at each end of the. machine. bearings tor said press roll mounted in said carriages, ways in which said carriages slide. a cylinder carried by each carriage, a fluid in said cylinders, a plunger and plunger rod for each cylinder, said plunger rods being in the form of racks, a pinion mounted on each carriage and meshing with the racks of said plunger rods. litters having depend ing racks meshing with said pinions opposite the meshing points with said plunger rod racks, means holding said litters against. movement during the winding operation. and means tor raising said litters. said carriages and said supported press roll being movable relative to said lifters in the high and low position of the latter.

50. In a machine of the character described, web-conveying, web-winding, and wcl'i-ln'eaking mechanisms, a press roll torming a part ot the winding mechanism. lifters for said press roll. means for pcriodi cally operating said litters, and means actuated by said web-breaking mechanism for releasing said operating means.

51. In a machine of the character described, web-conveyin n web winding and web-breaking mechanisms. a press roll form ing a part ot the winding nu-zchanism, lift ers for said press roll. operating means for said lifters, starting and stopping mechanism for said operating means. controlling devices for said \\'elJln'eal(ing mechanism, a crank connected with said operating means, means actuated by the controlling devices for said web-breaking mechanism to release said crank. means for driving the crank when released. and means actuated by said crank to disconnect said driving means.

52. In a machine of the character de scribed, vertically movable carriages. a press roll mounted in suitable bearings therein. a cylinder mounted on each carriage. a stub shaft mounted on each carriage, a pinion on said stub shafts, plungers in said cylinders,

fluid in said cylinders adapted to move from one side of said plungers to the other, racks connected With said plungers and moshing; with said pinions, litters provided W i racks meshing at the opposite side 0t said pinions from said plunger racks, and meant-5a for moving; said litters.

In a machine of the cllaracter described, Web-manipulating mechanism, "web forming mechanism, a web conveyor. and means located between said in anipulating and forming; mechanism tor periodically breaking said Weband removing a portion of it.

54. In a machine oil the character described, manipulatijliig meclmnism, a web conveyor, a Web breaker, and means controlled by the amount of Web supplied to said manipulating mechanism For actuating: said breaker periodically to more it into contact With said Web.

In. a machine oi? the character described, a manipulating mechanism. a web conveyor, a pivotally mounted carrier, a breaker supported by said carrier, means for normally holding;' said breaker out cit contact with said Web, and means controlled by the amount of web supplied to said manipulating mechanism for periodically moving: said breaker into contact With said web.

56. In a machine of? the character de scribed, the combination with vvebiorming and Web-conveying mechanism of webbreakingr mechanism, and means for moving said breaking mechanism to operative and inoperative positions and for retaining it at rest in each position.

57. That improvement in the manufacture of tubes, etc., by Winding a Wet Web of pulp on to a mandrel Which consists in breaking said Web just before the Winding is completed and While the Web carries more Water than it does at the Winding point.

58. In a machine of the character described, a Web conveyor, a pivotally mount. ed carrier, a breaker supported by said carrier, means for normally holding said breaker out of contact With said. web, and automatically operated means for periodically moving said breaker into contact With the Web.

59. In a machine of the character described, a conveyor tor an endless Web of pulp, means for taking the endless Web from the conveyor and manipnlating;- it, a Web breaker arranged adjacent to said conveyor but normally inoperative, controlling mechanism for said breaker, and means actuated by the manipulation of the eb for relcas ing said controlling means to break said Web after its manipulation has proceeded.

60. In a machine of the character de scribed, a Web conveyor, Web manipulating mechanism, a Web breaker, a cam to control the movement of said Web breaker, adjusta machine oi de scribed, a base roll, a mandrel, an upper press roll, bearings therefor mounted in suitable supports, a conveyor to carry a Web of pulp to the mandrels, and means for breaking said Web comprising a breaker normally supported in raised position but adapted to be dropped onto said Web to break it transversely, controlling means for said breaker, means For stopping said controlling means, mechanism operable by the vertical movement oi said press roll during the winding action to release said controlling means, andv means for operating said controlling; means ivl'lcn released.

63. In a machine of the character described, means for periodically breaking a web of pulp, and controlling devices for said means comprising; a shaft upon Which is mminted a continuously rotating member, a ram loose on said shaft. adjacent to said rotating member, connections between said cam and breaking means, means on said cam for engaging said rotating member, a stop to disengage said means from said rotating member, and automatically actuated mechanism lor periodically releasing said engaginr," means.

64. in a machine oi the character de scribed, the combination With. welrconveyinn. web-manipulating, and Web-breaking mechanisn'is, and a vertically moving press roll. oi controlling means for said breaking mechanism comprising; a continuously r0 tatiup; member mounted on a shaft, a cam loosely mounted on said shaft adjacent said rotating member, connections between said am and liireaking; mechanism, means on said cam adapted For engagement- With said rotatiug member, a stop for disengaging said means, a trip moved by the vertical. movement of the press roll. a slide provided With a doc; actuated by said trip, and means enp agriup; said dog when moved by said trip to raise said slide and release said stop.

es. in a machine of the character described, the combination With web-conveyp I Web-manipulating and Web-breaking devices, ot pivotally mounted carriage upon Which said breaking device is mounted, links connecting said carriage With a raising and lowering device, a: cam connected with said raising and lowering device, a spring forming a portion of said connection, and means for periodically actuating said cam.

66. In a machine of the character described, a main shaft provided with a ratchet, a slide provided with a dog normally held in inoperative position, a lever for moving said dog into the path of said ratchet, an adjustable trip to actuate said lever, a movable press roll actuating said trip, a web conveyor, a web breaker, controlling mechanism therefor, a stop for said controlling mechanism, and operative connections between said stop and said slide.

67. In a machine of the character described, a base roll, a suction device acting against the surface thereof, and channels in the surface of the roll communicating with the suction device.

68. In a machine of the character de scribed, a base roll channeled in its surface, a web-carrying felt wrapped about said roll and partly closing said channels, and suc tion device acting in the closed parts of said channels.

69. A base roll provided with a solid surface and circumferential channels formed in said surface.

70. In a machine of the character de scribed, a base roll, the surface of which is circumferentially grooved, a Web-carrying felt passing partly around said roll, and a 'suction device positioned at the lap of the felt onto the roll and acting in the grooves.

71. In a machine of the character described, spaced press rolls, a web-carrying felt passing about the lower, an absorbent felt passing about the upper and a mandrel located between said rolls, and upon which a web of pulp is adapted to be wound.

72. In a machine of the character de scribed, a web-carrying felt, an oppositely arranged absorbent felt spaced therefrom, a mandrel located between said felts, and a press roll acting on said mandrel through said absorbent felt.

73. In a machine for winding a web of pulp onto a mandrel, a base roll, a press roll, a mandrel positioned therebetween, and an absorbent felt between said press roll and said mandrel.

74. That improvement in the formation of bodies by winding a web of pulp on to a mandrel, which consists in exerting pressure on the pulp as it is being wound on to the mandrel through an absorbent material Which is relatively drier than the pulp in order that it may carry away excess water pressed from the pulp.

75. That improvement in the formation of bodies by winding a Wet web of pulp onto a mandrel which consists in exerting pressure on the pulp at a point beyond that at which the pulp initially contacts with the mandrel through an absorbent material which is relatively drier than the pulp in order that it may carry away excess water pressed from the pulp.

76. In a machine of the (llillfltliOl' de scribed, a base, a. base roll mounted thereon, a frame and a press roll mounted thereon, means for moving said "name vertically relatively to said base. and means for moving said press roll relative to said frame.

7?. In a machine of the character described, a base roll, a press roll. a web con-- veyor. a web hleflliitl, mandrel c mveying mechanism and means for driving said con veyor mechanism, of means for periodici'lilly operating said web-breaker, means for periodically lifting the press roll after the web is broken, means for periodically moving the mandrel conveyin{ mechanism while the press roll is raised, and means for restoring; the parts to their normal positions.

78. In a machine of the character dcscribed, a. supply point for empty maudrels. a manipulating point, and a discharge point. for full maudrels, a mandrel conveyor traversing said points and provided with mandrel-ei'igaging means. and automatically operating devices at the supply point for said engaging means.

79. In a machine of the character described, a supply point for empty mandrels, a manipulating point, and a discharge point for full mandrels, a mandrel conveyor traversing said points and provided with mandrel-engaging means, and automatically operating devices at the discharge point for said engaging means.

80. In machine of the character described, a conveyor, means for moving it, mandrel holding means on said conveyor, and means for actuating said holders while said conveyor is in motion to cause them to engage empty mandrels.

91. In a machine of the character described, a conveyor. means for moving it, mandrel holding means on said conveyor, and automatically operated means for actuating said. holders while said conveyor is in motion to cause them to engage empty mandrels.

82. In a machine of the character dc scribed, a conveyor, means for moving it, mandrel holding means on said conveyor, and means for actuating said holders while said conveyor is in motion to cause them to disengage empty mandrels.

83. In a machine of the character described, a conveyor. means for moving it, mandrel holding means on said conveyor, and automatically opera-ted means for actuating said holders while said conveyor is in motion to cause them to disengage empty mandrels.

8 In a machine of the character described, a track at each end of the machine, each track comprising an upper large loop and a lower small loop ofi'set therefrom, front and rear connecting portions between the corresponding ends of said loops, :1. discharge point at the front portion of each track, a supply point and a manipulating point at the lower side of the enlarged upper loop, mandrel conveying members sup ported and guided by said tracks to traverse said points, and mandrels positioned be tween and supported at their ends by said conveyor members.

85. In a machine of the character described, a conveyor, mandrel holding means thereon, and mandrels supported on said holding means but movable relatively thereto, otherwise than rotatably, while so supported.

86. In a machine of the character described, a track member at each end of the machine, an endless groove in each track, endless conveyor members in said grooves, mandrel holding means carried thereby, a second endless groove in each track, said mandrel holding devices projecting into the last mentioned grooves, and means in said grooves for operating said mandrel holding devices.

87. In a machine of the character de scribed, mandrel conveying means, driving means therefor, a shaft on which said driving means is mounted, a reciprocating device,and connections between said shaft and said reciprocating device eii'ective during the movement oil. the latter in one direction to move said shaft,

88. In a machine of the character de scribed, a mandrel conveyor provided with mandrel engaging devices, and means for autoi'natically operating said devices periodically.

89.111 a machine of the character described, mandrels provided with apertured ends, mandrel-conveyor members, alined mandrel-engaging means mounted on said members and adapted to fit within the aper-- tured ends of the mandrels, and stops to limit the end-wise n'iovenient oi the mandrels while supported by said means.

90.111 a machine of the character described, a web former, squeeze rolls, and a web breaker located between said former and squeeze rolls.

91. In a machine of the character de scribed, a. mandrel, a base roll and a press roll between which said mandrel is positioned, and means for removing excess water expressed from the web during the winding operation 92. In a machine of the character de scribed a base roll, a mandrel, a press roll, and means positioned acent the point of contact of said mandrel and press roll for removing excess Water expressed from the web during the winding operation.

93. In a machine for winding a web of pulp onto a mandrel, a base roll and a press roll between which said mandrel is positioned, and means located above said base roll for removing excess water expressed during the winding operation.

94. In a machine for winding a web of pulp onto a mandrel, a base roll and a press roll between which said mandrel is positioned, and means located between the mandrel and press roll for removing excess "water.

95. In a machine for winding a web of pulp onto a mandrel, a base roll and a press roll between which said mandrel is posi-v tioned, and traveling means located between the mandrel and press roll for removing excess water.

96.111 a machine of the character described, a pair of oppositely arranged conveyor members, means for causing them to move together, alined mandrel-holders carried thereby, means for moving said holders out of engaging position, mechanism for moving; a mandrel to position it between a pair oi holders while they are out of engaging position, and means for releasing said holders while the path of travel of the mandrel and holders is coincident to permit the latter to engage a mandrel.

9'7. In a machine of the character described, an endless chain conveyor, and oppositely arranged cooperating mandrel supporting means pivotally carried thereby.

98. In a machine oi. the character described, a pair of oppositely arranged endless conveyor chains, means for driving them together, pivoted supports carried by said chains and arranged at intervals there along in pairs opposite one another, mandrel-holders mounted on said pivoted sup ports, and means for continuously guiding said supports.

99. In a machine of: the character described, a pair of oppositely arranged endless conveyor chains, guiding means there for, means for driving them together, rods arranged between and connected at their ends to said conveyor chains, mandrelholders pivotally mounted 011 said rods, and means for continuously guiding said holders.

100. In a machine of the character described, a press roll, lifting means therefor, and automatically operating means to permit the movement of said roll relative to said lifting means in both of its extreme positions,

101. In a machine of the character described, web teeding means, web winding mechanism including a base roll and a press roll, a mandrel therebetwcen, said press roll being movable during the winding operation to accommodate the increase of thickness in the wall formed on said mandrel, and means actuated by said press roll when it has 

